Chemical reagents often deteriorate due to improper storage. Some reagents are prone to moisture absorption and deliquescence or hydrolysis; Some reagents are prone to react with oxygen, carbon dioxide, or other gases diffusing in the air, while others may deteriorate due to the influence of light and environmental temperature. Therefore, corresponding measures must be taken to properly store the reagents according to their different properties.

1、 Anti volatilization:
1. Oil seal: Ammonia water, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated nitric acid and other volatile inorganic liquids. Dripping 10-20 drops of mineral oil on the liquid surface can prevent volatilization (vegetable oil cannot be used).
2. Water seal: Add 5mL of water to carbon disulfide for long-term storage. Adding water to mercury can prevent mercury vapor from entering the air. Put some sulfur powder next to mercury, and once lost, spread the sulfur powder to eliminate the residual mercury in the chemical reaction.
3. Wax sealing: Light or easily soluble volatile liquids such as ether, ethanol, formic acid, as well as volatile solids such as naphthalene and iodine, tightly seal the bottle stopper, and apply wax to the bottle mouth. In addition to sealing the original bottle with wax, the original bottle should be placed in a plastic cylinder with activated carbon and the cylinder mouth should be sealed with wax.

2、 Moisture proof:
1. Bleach powder and sodium peroxide should be wax sealed to prevent water absorption decomposition or water absorption explosion. Sodium hydroxide is prone to water absorption and deliquescence, and should be sealed with wax; Ammonium nitrate and sodium sulfate are prone to water absorption and clumping, which can cause the reagent bottle to break. They should also be tightly sealed with wax.
2. Calcium carbide, anhydrous copper sulfate, phosphorus pentoxide, and silica gel are highly susceptible to water absorption and deterioration. Red phosphorus is easily oxidized and then absorbs water to form phosphoric acid. All of these substances should be stored in a dryer.
3. Although concentrated sulfuric acid should be sealed to prevent water absorption, it is recommended to place it in a ground mouth bottle due to its common use. The stopper of the ground mouth bottle should be original and not swapped.
4. In the basement of "special drugs", the lower layer is covered with block ash, the middle layer is covered with hydrated lime, and the upper layer is covered with double-layer cypress oil paper to store the drugs.

3、 Anti deterioration:
1. Oxidation prevention: Sodium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, and sodium thiosulfate are all easily oxidized, and the bottle mouth should be coated with wax.
2. Anti carbonation: Sodium silicate, sodium peroxide, and caustic soda are all prone to absorbing carbon dioxide and should be coated with wax.
3. Weathering prevention: Crystalline sodium carbonate and crystalline copper sulfate should be sealed with wax and stored in the basement.
4. Anti decomposition: Ammonium bicarbonate and concentrated nitric acid are prone to decomposition when heated. After wax coating, they should be stored in the basement.
5.Activated carbon can adsorb various gases and deteriorate (the same goes for charcoal), so it should be placed in a dryer.
6. Yellow phosphorus is prone to spontaneous combustion when exposed to air. Keep it in water forever and check the water level every 15 days. Add water to the phosphorus reagent bottle, place it in a water containing residue, and seal it with a bell jar.
7.Potassium and sodium are stored in kerosene.
8. Drop a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid into the ferrous sulfate solution, add excess fine iron powder, and seal with wax.
9. Glucose solution is prone to mold growth, just a few drops of formaldehyde can preserve it.
10. Formaldehyde is prone to polymerization, and a small amount of methanol should be added immediately after opening the bottle; Ethanol is added to acetaldehyde.

4、 Anti light:
1. Silver nitrate, concentrated nitric acid, and most organic medicines should be placed in brown bottles.
2. Nitrate stored in the basement is not only heat-resistant, light resistant, fire-resistant, but also earthquake resistant.
3. All organic reagent display windows shall be painted with black paint.
4. Color cloth curtains for laboratory use, with double layered infrared black interior.

5、 Poison prevention:
1. Highly toxic substances such as phosphorus, silver nitrate, potassium chlorate, and mercuric chloride should be stored in the basement, with two people and two locks. Archives should be established, and batches should be submitted for use, with usage records and regular inspections.
2. Calcium phosphide and aluminum phosphide release highly toxic phosphine after absorbing water, and should be stored in a dryer with a red label attached.
3. Due to the lack of a fume hood, lime is often spread on the ground to adsorb certain toxic gas-phase substances.
4. For corrosive drugs such as concentrated acid, concentrated alkali, bromine, phenol, etc., use red labels to indicate caution.

6、 Shock resistance:
1. Ammonium nitrate is prone to explosion when shaken and placed in the basement.
2. Homemade large crystal alum and large crystal copper sulfate are wrapped in a soft paper pad and placed in a large mouth reagent bottle for buffering. They are then numbered according to a "four digit number" and placed in the kitchen.

7、 Fire prevention:
1. Set up water tanks, fire buckets, sand tanks, foam extinguishers and a bottle of carbon tetrachloride in the "near the gate", "conspicuous" and "convenient" places of the instrument room. The foam fire extinguisher shall be renewed once a year. (If there is a "CCl4" or "1211" fire extinguisher, it would be better)
2. All indoor wires should be replaced with concealed wires to prevent drug fumigation, short circuits, and fires.

8、 Rat prevention:
1. Add more phenol to the paste appropriately.
2. For a cabinet of "indicator" drugs, put some volatile drugs such as formaldehyde, coal phenol soap, etc. In cabinets with severe rodent infestation, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated ammonia water can be stored alternately. Used to protect other drugs.
3. Mix lead acetate paste on the walls of the mouse hole, and contaminate the skin when the mouse enters and exits. Lick it and die (lead acetate tastes sweet and highly toxic).
When storing chemical laboratory drugs, the following aspects should also be noted:
(1) Bottle selection:
Solid - wide mouthed bottle, liquid - fine mouthed bottle.
Substances that are easily decomposed by light - brown bottles. For example: nitric acid, silver nitrate, chlorine water, etc.
(2) Selection of bottle stopper:
Glass stoppers should not be used for alkaline solutions, but rubber stoppers should be used. For example, NaOH solution, Na2CO3 solution, etc.
Strong oxidizing solutions and organic solvents cannot use rubber stoppers, glass stoppers should be used. For example: nitric acid, potassium permanganate solution, gasoline, benzene, etc.
(3) Substances preserved by liquid sealing method:
Sodium kerosene; White phosphorus - water; Liquid Bromine - Water; Carbon tetrachloride - water, etc.
(4) Substances that are prone to reacting with substances in the air should be stored in a sealed container. For example:
Substances that react with water (absorb water): CaCl2, alkali lime, etc
Substances that react with CO2: NaOH, Ca (OH) 2, Na2O2, etc
Substances that react with O2: FeSO4, Na2SO3, C6H5OH, Na2S, etc
(5) Preservation of special substances:
HF - Keep in plastic bottles.