Benzyl chloride, also known as benzyl chloride or α-chlorotoluene, possesses distinct chemical properties. Here is a detailed overview of its chemical properties in English:

Chemical Properties of Benzyl Chloride

1. Physical State and Appearance:
   • Benzyl chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid.
   • It has a strong, pungent, and irritating odor.
2. Molecular Formula and Structure:
   • Molecular formula: C7H7Cl
   • Molecular weight: 126.59 (or 126.583, depending on the precision)
   • It is a compound formed when one hydrogen atom of benzene is replaced by a chloromethyl group.
3. Solubility:
   • It is insoluble in water.
   • It is miscible with most organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and ether.
4. Physical Constants:
   • Density: 1.10 g/cm³ (at 25°C)
   • Melting point: -39°C
   • Boiling point: 179°C
   • Flashpoint: 67°C (closed cup)
   • Refractive index: 36.01 (molar)
   • Molar volume: 117.1 cm³/mol
   • Surface tension: 33.8 dyne/cm
   • Polarizability: 14.27 (10^-24 cm³)
5. Chemical Reactivity:
   • Benzyl chloride is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air.
   • It is hazardous when exposed to fire, high temperatures, or oxidants, as it may explode or burn.
   • It can decompose rapidly when heated in the presence of iron.
   • Upon hydrolysis, it generates benzyl alcohol.
6. Toxicity and Hazard Information:
   • Benzyl chloride is toxic and has potential carcinogenic properties. Animal studies have shown positive results, while human studies are inconclusive.
   • It is mutagenic to microorganisms.
   • Eye contact may cause permanent damage, including protein denaturation of the conjunctiva and cornea.
   • Skin contact can result in burns, and pain, and severe cases may lead to blisters, redness, or dermatitis.
   • Inhalation of high concentrations of its vapor can cause respiratory inflammation and even lung edema.
   • Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal irritation, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system depression.
7. Storage and Handling:
   • Benzyl chloride should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated warehouse.
   • It should be kept away from fire, and heat sources, and should not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 30°C or relative humidity exceeding 70%.
   • The packaging must be sealed and kept dry.
   • It should be stored separately from oxidants, metal powders, alcohols, and food chemicals.
   • Appropriate fire-fighting equipment should be available.
   • Emergency handling equipment and suitable containment materials should be prepared in the storage area.

In summary, benzyl chloride is a colorless to slightly yellow transparent liquid with distinct chemical properties, including its solubility, physical constants, reactivity, toxicity, and storage requirements. Proper handling and storage are crucial to ensure safety.