Organic compounds are indispensable substances in organisms. They have several special special properties of organic compounds:

1. Physical properties

Melting point and boiling point
The melting point of organic compounds is usually low, generally below 300°C. This is because the force between organic compound molecules is mainly van der Waals force, which is relatively weak.
The boiling point of organic compounds is also relatively low, and as the number of carbon atoms in the molecule increases, the relative molecular mass of the molecule increases, the van der Waals force also increases, and the boiling point will increase accordingly.
Solubility
Most organic compounds are difficult to dissolve in water and easily soluble in organic solvents. This is because organic compounds are usually composed of non-polar or weakly polar molecules, while water is a polar molecule. According to the principle of "like dissolves like", substances with similar polarity are easy to dissolve in each other.
However, some organic compounds contain polar groups, such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), etc. These compounds can form hydrogen bonds with water, thus having a certain water solubility.
Conductivity
Most organic compounds are poor conductors of electricity. This is because the chemical bonds in the molecules of organic compounds are mainly covalent bonds, and there are no freely moving electrons or ions.
However, some special organic compounds, such as conductive polymers (such as polyacetylene, polyaniline, etc.), can be conductive under certain conditions.

2. Chemical properties

Flammability
Many organic compounds are flammable and can burn in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water, and release a large amount of heat energy. This is because organic compounds contain elements such as carbon and hydrogen, which undergo oxidation reactions with oxygen during combustion.
The ease of combustion and combustion products of different organic compounds may vary, depending on their molecular structure and composition.
Reaction diversity
Organic compounds can undergo many types of chemical reactions, such as substitution reactions, addition reactions, oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, polymerization reactions, etc.
These reaction types are rich and diverse, allowing organic compounds to be converted into other useful compounds through various chemical reactions.
Isomeric phenomenon
Since carbon atoms can form different connection methods, the same molecular formula can represent different compounds, which is the phenomenon of isomerism.
The phenomenon of isomerism makes the types of organic compounds extremely rich, increasing the complexity and diversity of their chemical properties.
Stereostructure
The molecules of organic compounds often have a stereostructure. The four valence bonds of carbon atoms can point in different directions to form different spatial configurations.
This stereostructure has an important influence on the properties of organic compounds. For example, chiral molecules are optically active and are of great significance in drug synthesis and biochemistry.

3. Biological activity and functionality

Biological activity
Organic compounds are the material basis of life, and all living organisms contain organic compounds. For example, proteins, nucleic acids, sugars, and lipids are all organic compounds, which play a vital role in life activities.
Multifunctionality
An organic compound can contain multiple functional groups, thus showing multiple characteristic reactions. This versatility makes organic compounds have broad application prospects in the fields of drug synthesis, material preparation, etc.
In summary, organic compounds have unique structures and properties, which make them widely used and have important research value in various fields.