Diacetone alcohol, with the CAS number of 123-42-2, is a versatile organic compound. The following paragraphs introduce it in detail based on its chemical properties.

Basic Information and Physical Properties

Diacetone alcohol, also known as 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, is a colorless and transparent liquid with a mild, pleasant odor resembling mint. Its molecular formula is C6H12O2, and its molecular weight is 116.16. This compound has a melting point of -42.8 °C and a boiling point of 166 °C. It has a density of 0.938 g/mL at 20 °C and a vapor density of 4 (vs air). Diacetone alcohol is soluble in various solvents such as alcohol, ether, and many other organic solvents, particularly ketones like acetone and 2-butanone.

Chemical Characteristics and Reactivity

Diacetone alcohol possesses both carbonyl and hydroxyl functional groups, exhibiting the chemical properties of ketones and tertiary alcohols. It is unstable and can decompose when reacting with bases or when distilled under normal pressure. When heated above 130 °C or reacting with bases, it decomposes to produce two molecules of acetone. Additionally, it can undergo dehydration to form diisopropylidene acetone when heated with sulfuric acid or a trace amount of iodine. Other reactions include the formation of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid when reacting with sodium hypobromite and the production of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol through catalytic hydrogenation.

Applications and Uses

Due to its excellent solvent properties and versatile intermediate role, diacetone alcohol is widely used in multiple industries. It serves as a high-boiling-point solvent, paint thinner, wood stain, rust remover, and raw material for dyes. In the resin and plastics industry, it is used as a curing agent and plasticizer, enhancing the mechanical properties and chemical resistance of materials like epoxy resins and phenolic resins. It also improves the flexibility and processing performance of plastics as a plasticizer. Furthermore, diacetone alcohol is employed as a solvent in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, serving as a co-solvent in pesticide formulations, a solvent and intermediate in pharmaceutical production, and a solvent for fragrances and other functional additives in cosmetics.

Safety and Handling

Diacetone alcohol is classified as a low-toxicity compound, but exposure to high concentrations of its vapor may cause headaches, nausea, and eye irritation. Therefore, proper ventilation and protective measures are necessary during handling and storage to avoid long-term exposure. It is also important to note that diacetone alcohol is flammable and should be stored away from fire sources and high-temperature environments. In case of skin or eye contact, immediate flushing with water and seeking medical attention is recommended. If inhaled or ingested, move to a fresh air area, provide oxygen if breathing is difficult, perform CPR if necessary, and seek medical attention immediately.